Elsevier S & T

TRAIL

Litwack, Gerald

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Table of contents

Cover
Contentsvii
Contributorsxvii
Prefacexxiii
Chapter 1. Specificity of Molecular Recognition Learned from the Crystal Structures of TRAIL and the1
I. Introduction: The TNF and TNF Receptor Superfamilies2
II. TRAIL and its Receptors3
III. Selective Antitumor Activity and Biologic Functions of TRAIL4
IV. Overall Structure of TRAIL5
V. Zinc Binding and its Critical Role5
VI. Unique Frame Insertion in the AA'' Loop8
VII. Structure of TRAIL:sDR5 Complex9
VIII. Determinants Conferring Specificity of Receptor Recognition12
IX. Conclusions and Perspectives13
References14
Chapter 2. Crystal Structure of RANK Ligand Involved in Bone Metabolism19
I. Introduction20
II. The OPG/RANKL/RANK System21
III. Three-Dimensional Structure of RANKL25
IV. Conclusion29
References30
Chapter 3. Promoter of TRAIL-R2 Gene35
I. Introduction36
II. Basic Structure of TRAIL-R2 Promoter37
III. Regulator of TRAIL-R240
IV. Possibility of Cancer Therapy Using TRAIL-R243
References45
Chapter 4. Transcriptional Regulation of the TRAIL-R3 Gene51
I. Introduction: TRAIL and its Receptors52
II. Decoy Receptors54
III. TRAIL-R356
IV. Future Directions60
References60
Chapter 5. Monoclonal Antibodies Against TRAIL65
I. Introduction66
II. Overview of Monoclonal Antibodies Against TRAIL67
III. Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies Against TRAIL70
IV. Physiologic Significance of TRAIL74
V. Future Aspects76
References76
Chapter 6. Modulation of TRAIL Signaling Complex81
I. TRAIL: A New Member of TNF Family82
II. TRAIL Death Receptors: DR4 and DR583
III. TRAIL Decoy Receptors. DcR1, DcR2, and OPG84
IV. TRAIL-Induced DISC: Cleavage of Apoptosis Initiating Protease Caspase-885
V. TRAIL-Induced Bid Cleavage: Activation of Mitochondrial Pathways87
VI. TRAIL-Induced Cell Proliferation: RIP-Mediated NF-kB Activation87
VII. TRAIL-Induced c-FLIP Recruitment: DISC Modulation88
VIII. TRAIL-Induced PED Recruitment: Differential Modulation of the DISC90
IX. TRAIL Physiologic Functions: Tumor Surveillance91
X. Recombinant TRAIL: A Novel Cancer Therapeutic Agent91
References93
Chapter 7. TRAIL and NF kB Signaling„A Complex Relationship101
I. Introduction102
II. Regulation of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by NFkB113
III. TRAIL Activates NFkB119
References121
Chapter 8. CARDINAL Roles in Apoptosis and NFkB Activation133
I. Introduction134
II. Regulation of NFkB Activation134
III. CARD Proteins135
IV. CARD Proteins and NFkB Activation135
V. Functions of CARDINAL138
VI. CARDINAL as a Negative Regulator of Diverse NFkB Activation Pathways138
VII. CARDINAL and Apoptosis140
VIII. CARDINAL and Caspase-1 Activation140
IX. The Inflammasome141
X. CARDINAL Contradictions142
XI. Conclusions143
References143
Chapter 9. TRAIL in the Airways149
I. Introduction150
II. TRAIL: Synthetic and Signaling Pathways150
III. Effects of TRAIL in the Airways153
IV. Conclusions162
References162
Chapter 10. TRAIL Death Receptors, Bcl-2 Protein Family, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Pool169
I. Introduction170
II. The Endoplasmic Reticulum170
III. Endoplasmic Reticulum CA2+ Pools and Regulation of Apoptosis172
IV. Concluding Remarks183
References185
Chapter 11. FLIP Protein and TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis189
I. Introduction190
II. FLIP: Structure and Mechanisms of Action190
III. FLIP Function in Normal Physiology and Disease194
IV. TRAIL and FLIP197
References199
Chapter 12. Epidermal Growth Factor and TRAIL Interactions in Epithelial-Derived Cells207
I. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mediated Cell Survival208
II. Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling Pathways209
III. Transcriptional Activation213
IV. Antiapoptotic Proteins214
V. Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling for Treatment of Cancer216
VI. TRAIL Death Receptors217
VII. TRAIL as a Cancer Treatment218
VIII. Convergence of the Epidermal Growth Factor and TRAIL Signaling Pathways219
References222
Chapter 13. TRAIL and Ceramide229
I. Introduction230
II. TRAIL231
III. Sphingolipids234
IV. TRAIL and Ceramide243
References244
Chapter 14. TRAIL and Viral Infection257
I. Introduction258
II. Apoptosis as a Process of Degradation of Host Cell and Viral Constituents259
III. Death Receptor/Ligand Systems260
IV. The Cytotoxic Activity of TRAIL Against Virus-Infected Cells262
V. Viral Strategies to Circumvent TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis264
VI. TRAIL in Virus-Induced Immunosuppression265
VII. Viruses and TRAIL in Malignant Disease266
VIII. Conclusions268
References269
Chapter 15. Modulation of TRAIL Signaling for Cancer Therapy275
I. Introduction276
II. The Core Apoptotic Machinery277
III. TRAIL and its Receptors278
IV. TRAIL Signaling278
V. Defective TRAIL Signaling in Cancers279
VI. TRAIL and Cancer Therapy281
VII. Conclusions284
References285
Chapter 16. Interferon-Gamma and TRAIL in Human Breast Tumor Cells291
I. Introduction292
II. Interferon-y293
III. TRAIL System297
IV. Regulation by IFN-y of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis in Breast Tumor Cells303
V. Conclusions308
References309
Chapter 17. Retinoids and TRAIL: Two Cooperating Actors to Fight Against Cancer319
I. Introduction320
II. Origin of Retinoids322
III. Mechanism of Retinoid Action322
IV. Anticancer Activity of Retinoic Acids325
V. Retinoid Action on Human Cancers328
VI. APO2L/TRAIL and its Receptors330
VII. Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Retinoids: The TRAIL Connection334
VIII. Future Directions336
References338
Chapter 18. Potential for TRAIL as a Therapeutic Agent in Ovarian Cancer347
I. Introduction348
II. Ovarian Cancer348
III. Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand351
IV. Interleukin-8354
V. Role of p38 MAPK in Apoptosis356
VI. Summary357
References358
Chapter 19. TRAIL and Chemotherapeutic Drugs in Cancer Therapy365
I. Introduction366
II. Receptors for TRAIL367
III. Signaling Pathways of TRAIL Receptors368
IV. Bioactivity of TRAIL369
V. Synergistic Effect of TRAIL and Chemotherapeutic Drugs372
VI. Molecular Mechanisms of the Synergistic Effect372
VII. Conclusions and Prospects376
References377
Chapter 20. Additive Effects of TRAIL and Paclitaxel on Cancer Cells: Implications for Advances in C385
I. Introduction386
II. Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand388
III. Paclitaxel392
IV. Biologic and Clinical Benefits of TRAIL and Paclitaxel Combination Therapy397
V. Conclusions402
References403
Chapter 21. Regulation of Sensitivity to TRAIL by the PTEN Tumor Suppressor409
I. Introduction411
II. Regulation of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis411
III. Regulation of the Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase Pathway by PTEN414
IV. Modulation of TRAIL Sensitivity by the Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase/PTEN/Akt Pathway416
V. Downstream Targets of the Phosphatidylinositol-3 Kinase/PTEN/Akt Pathway417
VI. Strategies for Overcoming TRAIL Resistance419
VII. Conclusion421
References422
Chapter 22. TRAIL and Malignant Glioma427
I. Malignant Glioma428
II. Apoptosis in Cancer430
III. Apoptosis Pathways Overview433
IV. TRAIL435
V. TRAIL and Glioma437
VI. Future Directions444
References444
Chapter 23. Regulation of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis by Ectopic Expression of Antiapoptotic Factors453
I. Introduction454
II. Negative Regulation of TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis458
III. Inhibitors of Antiapoptotic Factors as Therapeutic Agents471
IV. Effect of TRAIL on Normal Cells473
V. Conclusions474
References475
Index485

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780127098678
ISBN-13 9780080522876
Author Litwack, Gerald
Category Medical
Subject Endocrinology & Metabolism

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The discovery of TRAIL (TNF Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand), also referred to as Apo-2, is in an era of intense research because TRAIL induces many cancer cells to undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis), while having no effect on normal cells. This important protein deserves extensive review at a formative time in the devlopement of our knowledge concerning its mechanism of action and the ways in which it can be used as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Consequently, this voume reviews the current status of research on TRAIL.

Selected Contents:
* Crystal Structure of RANK Ligand involved in bone metabolism
* Promoter of TRAIL-R2 Gene
* Monoclonal Antibodies against TRAIL
* Modulation of TRAIL signaling complex
* TRAIL in the airways
* FLIP Protein and TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis
* TRAIL and Ceramide
* TRAIL and Viral Infection
* TRAIL and Malignant Glioma

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