Elsevier S & T

U-Th Series Nuclides in Aquatic Systems

Krishnaswami, S.

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Table of contents
  • Cover
  • Dedication to Karl K. Turekianv
  • Contentsvii
  • Contributorsxi
  • Chapter 1. Introduction1
  • 1. Overview1
  • 2. Organization of the Volume4
  • Acknowledgements7
  • References8
  • Chapter 2. U- and Th-Series Nuclides in the Atmosphere: Supply, Exchange, Scavenging, and Applicatio11
  • 1. Introduction12
  • 2. Sources of U- and Th-Series Nuclides to the Atmosphere12
  • 3. Atmospheric Distributions16
  • 4. Aerosol Scavenging Residence Times Using 222Rn and its Daughters23
  • 5. Applications of Rn Daughters of Atmospheric Origin to Study Aquatic Processes31
  • 6. Processes across Aquatic Interfaces35
  • 7. Perspectives and Future Directions39
  • Acknowledgements40
  • References40
  • Chapter 3. U-Series Geochemistry in Weathering Profiles, River Waters and Lakes49
  • 1. Introduction50
  • 2. Radionuclide Fractionation in Surface Environments50
  • 3. Radioactive Disequilibria in Weathering Profiles and Soils59
  • 4. U Series in Rivers63
  • 5. Review of Models for U-Series Fractionation in Surficial Environments81
  • 6. U-Series Disequilibria in Lakes86
  • 7. Future Perspectives90
  • Acknowledgments91
  • References91
  • Chapter 4. Investigating Groundwater Processes Using U- and Th-Series Nuclides105
  • 1. Introduction106
  • 2. General Element Behavior in Groundwaters108
  • 3. Modeling Nuclide Transport in Aquifers112
  • 4. Obtaining Solutions to the Model Equations118
  • 5. Radon and Recoil Rates125
  • 6. Ra Isotopes130
  • 7. Th Isotopes134
  • 8. U Isotopes136
  • 9. 210Pb143
  • 10. Summary and Future Studies144
  • Acknowledgments147
  • References147
  • Chapter 5. Uranium- and Thorium-Series Nuclides as Tracers of Submarine Groundwater Discharge155
  • 1. Introduction156
  • 2. How U-Th Isotopes are Used to Quantify Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD)158
  • 3. Radium160
  • 4. Radon171
  • 5. Uranium178
  • 6. Synthesis of Existing Studies181
  • 7. Towards a Global Estimate of SGD184
  • 8. Perspectives and Future Directions185
  • Acknowledgments185
  • References186
  • Chapter 6. U- and Th-Series Nuclides in Estuarine Environments193
  • 1. Introduction: Estuarine Processes193
  • 2. Uranium196
  • 3. Thorium209
  • 4. Radium212
  • 5. Radon215
  • 6. Lead-210 and Polonium-210216
  • 7. Future Studies217
  • References218
  • Chapter 7. U- and Th-Series Nuclides as Tracers of Particle Dynamics, Scavenging and Biogeochemical227
  • 1. Abundance and Distribution of U-Th Nuclides in the Sea228
  • 2. Introduction to Particle Cycling and Scavenging in the Ocean232
  • 3. The Scavenging Process as Understood from Thorium Isotopes237
  • 4. Scavenging and Th Speciation240
  • 5. 226Ra-210Pb-210Po242
  • 6. The Role of Particle Composition244
  • 7. Boundary Scavenging249
  • 8. Calibration of Vertical Particle Fluxes251
  • 9. Summary and Outlook258
  • References260
  • Chapter 8. The Bioaccumulation of U- and Th-Series Radionuclides in Marine Organisms269
  • 1. Introduction269
  • 2. Radionuclides of Interest and their Bioavailability270
  • 3. Models of Uptake and Trophic Transfer281
  • 4. Biodetritus and Vertical Transport283
  • 5. Potential Impacts of Natural Radioactivity290
  • 6. Synthesis and Conclusions295
  • 7. Future Outlook and Perspectives296
  • References299
  • Chapter 9. Ocean Circulation/Mixing Studies with Decay-Series Isotopes307
  • 1. Introduction307
  • 2. General Transport Equations309
  • 3. Basic Ocean Mixing/Circulation Models312
  • 4. Radium Isotopes for Tracing Oceanic Mixing/Circulation316
  • 5. Radon-222 as a Vertical Mixing Tracer in the Deep Sea329
  • 6. Actinium-227 as a Diapycnal Mixing Tracer in the Deep Sea332
  • 7. Tracing Ocean Circulation Using Particle-Reactive Radionuclides334
  • 8. Closing Remarks and Future Prospects337
  • Acknowledgments338
  • References338
  • Chapter 10. Uranium- and Thorium-Series Radionuclides in Marine Groundwaters345
  • 1. Introduction345
  • 2. U- and Th-Series Radionuclides in High-Temperature Marine Groundwaters: Hydrothermal Fluids349
  • 3. U- and Th-Series Radionuclides in Low-Temperature Marine Groundwaters: Sediment Pore Water358
  • 4. Future Directions374
  • Acknowledgments375
  • References375
  • Chapter 11. Sediment Signatures of U- and Th-Series Nuclides and their Application as Paleoceanograp383
  • 1. Introduction383
  • 2. Long-Lived U-Series Nuclides in Sediments384
  • 3. Short-Lived U-Series Nuclides in Sediments: Application to Sediment Mixing and Accumulation386
  • 4. Authigenic Uranium as a Tracer of Sediment Redox State388
  • 5. Use of 230Th as a Constant Flux Proxy390
  • 6. 231Pa/230Th: Proxy for Particle Flux and Productivity397
  • 7. 231Pa/230Th: Proxy of Ocean Circulation405
  • 8. Modeling Studies406
  • 9. Manganese Crusts and Nodules408
  • 10. Summary and Outlook409
  • Acknowledgments410
  • References410
  • Appendix A. Charts of the 238U, 235U, 232Th, and 241Am Decay Series with Principal Modes of Decay, t417
  • 1. Introduction417
  • 2. Sources of Data418
  • References423
  • Appendix B. Systematics of Radioactive Decay425
  • 1. Overview of Decay Equations425
  • 2. Examples of Applications428
  • References430
  • Author Index433
  • Subject Index453
Book details
  • Vendor Elsevier S & T
  • SKU 9780080450124
  • ISBN-13 9780080564883
  • Author Krishnaswami, S.
  • Category Science
  • Subject Environmental Science

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Description eBook delivery & access Reviews
Major advancement in the U-Th measurement techniques since the 1990's have resulted in new opportunities for the use of these nuclides to probe into aquatic processes in greater detail. This volume provides state-of-the-art reviews on the applications of U-Th series nuclides to "time" and "tag" in a variety of processes occurring in aquatic systems.

* this book provides state of art reviews on the applications of U-Th Series nuclides to 'time'and 'tag' key processes occurring in aquatic systems.
* the book is self-contained, each chapter presents nuclide source functions, processes regulating their distributions and models used to describe them.
* the book emphasizes current thinking in the field and future directions.