Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsv
- Prefacexi
- Acknowledgmentsxiii
- Chapter 1. Introduction1
- 1.1 The Beginnings1
- 1.2 Understanding Sound2
- 1.3 Representations of Sound3
- 1.4 Sounds Classical and Sounds Quantum5
- 1.5 Comparisons between Light and Ultrasound6
- 1.6 The Adiabatic Idealization7
- 1.7 Common Sense Is Unsound8
- 1.8 Scope of This Work9
- 1.9 How to Use This Book9
- Chapter 2. Water11
- 2.1 Measurement of Sound Velocity11
- 2.2 The Dependence of Velocity of Sound on Density and Compressibility25
- 2.3 The Relationship between Velocity and Attenuation„Conditions of High Attenuation33
- 2.4 The Compressibility of Solute Molecules34
- Chapter 3. Multiphase Media47
- 3.1 Apparatus47
- 3.2 Determining Composition in the Absence of Phase Changes49
- 3.3 Following Phase Transitions54
- 3.4 Determination of Solid Fat Content60
- 3.5 Crystal Nucleation72
- 3.6 The Solution–Emulsion Transition and Emulsion Inversion75
- 3.7 Determination of Emulsion Stability by Ultrasound Profiling76
- 3.8 Summary90
- Chapter 4. Scattering of Sound91
- 4.1 Theories of Sound91
- 4.2 A Comparison of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Propagation92
- 4.3 Scattering Theory93
- 4.4 Scattering from Bubbles137
- Chapter 5. Advanced Techniques141
- 5.1 Particle Sizing141
- 5.2 Propagation in Viscoelastic Materials152
- 5.3 Bubbles and Foams163
- 5.4 Automation and Computer Tools163
- Appendix A. Basic Theory177
- A.1 The Isotropic Elastic Solid178
- A.2 The Pure Newtonian Fluid179
- A.3 Mixture of Two Pure Newtonian Fluids179
- A.4 Viscoplastic Materials179
- Appendix B. MathCad Solutions of the Explicit Scattering Expressions181
- Glossary185
- Bibliography191
- Index205
This book is a comprehensive and practical guide to the use of ultrasonic techniques for the characterization of fluids. Focusing on ultrasonic velocimetry, the author covers the basic topics and techniques necessaryfor successful ultrasound measurements on emulsions, dispersions, multiphase media, and viscoelastic/viscoplastic materials. Advanced techniques such as scattering, particle sizing, and automation are also presented. As a handbook for industrial and scientific use, Ultrasonic Techniques for Fluids Characterization is an indispensable guide to chemists and chemical engineers using ultrasound for research or process monitoring in the chemical, food processing, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biotechnology,and fuels industries.
Key Features
* Appeals to anyone using ultrasound to study fluids
* Provides the first detailed description of the ultrasound profiling technique for dispersions
* Describes new techniques for measuring phase transitions and nucleation, such as water/ice and oil/fat
* Presents the latest ultrasound techniques for particle sizing in concentrated systems
* Explains new techniques for compressibility measurements in dispersions and fluids, including cell suspensions
* Contains a detailed treatment of ultrasound scattering theory
* Written by one of the leading researchers in the field
* Includes over 350 references to the primary literature
Key Features
* Appeals to anyone using ultrasound to study fluids
* Provides the first detailed description of the ultrasound profiling technique for dispersions
* Describes new techniques for measuring phase transitions and nucleation, such as water/ice and oil/fat
* Presents the latest ultrasound techniques for particle sizing in concentrated systems
* Explains new techniques for compressibility measurements in dispersions and fluids, including cell suspensions
* Contains a detailed treatment of ultrasound scattering theory
* Written by one of the leading researchers in the field
* Includes over 350 references to the primary literature