Elsevier S & T

Virus Structure

Chiu, Wah

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Table of contents

Contentsv
Prefacexi
Chapter 1. Viral Assembly Using Heterologous Expression Systems and Cell Extracts1
I. Introduction1
II. The Driving Force behind the Development of Heterologous Expression Systems for the Study of Vir2
III. Diversity of Heterologous Expression Systems4
IV. Guidelines for Choosing a Heterologous Expression System16
V. Representative Examples of Viral Assembly in Heterologous Expression Systems20
VI. Conclusions32
References32
Chapter 2. Hybrid Vigor: Hybrid Methods in Viral Structure Determination37
I. Introduction37
II. Techniques38
III. Hybrids56
IV. Conclusion83
References83
Chapter 3. Determination of Icosahedral Virus Structures by Electron Cryomicroscopy at Subnanometer93
I. Introduction93
II. Electron Cryomicroscopy94
III. Overview of Methods for Subnanometer-resolution Reconstructions101
IV. Example of Data Collection, Evaluation, and Processing105
V. Visualization and Structure Interpretation117
VI. Conclusion122
References122
Chapter 4. Structural Folds of Viral Proteins125
I. Introduction125
II. Terminology126
III. Virus Families126
IV. Determination of Structural Fold126
V. Prototypical Viral Folds128
VI. Survey Through the Virus Families132
VII. Common Themes184
VIII. Phylogenetic Relationships185
References187
Chapter 5. Virus Particle Dynamics197
I. Introduction197
II. Particle Fluctuations and Infectivity199
III. Large-Scale Reversible Quaternary Structure Changes in Viruses203
IV. Large-Scale Irreversible Quaternary Structure Changes in Double-Stranded DNA Bacteriophage209
V. Conclusions216
References216
Chapter 6. Viral Genome Organization219
I. Introduction219
II. Single-Stranded RNA Viruses221
III. Double-Stranded RNA Viruses229
IV. Single-Stranded DNA Viruses235
V. Double-Stranded DNA Viruses240
VI. Conclusions246
References248
Chapter 7. Mechanism of Scaffolding-Assisted Viral Assembly259
I. Introduction259
II. øX174 Morphogenesis261
III. Prescaffolding Stages: Coat Proteins and Chaperones261
IV. The øX174 Internal Scaffolding Protein263
V. Genetic Data for Scaffolding Protein Flexibility: øX174 and Herpesviridae264
VI. Structural Data for Scaffolding Protein Flexibility: øX174, P22, and Herpesviridae266
VII. So What’s All This Fuss over These C Termini?267
VIII. Internal Scaffolding Protein Function in One and Two Scaffolding Protein Systems: øX174 versu269
IX. The Assembly Pathway of Bacteriophage P22270
X. The Role of the P22 Scaffolding Protein272
XI. Functional Domains of the P22 Scaffolding Protein274
XII. Physical Chemistry of the P22 Scaffolding Protein280
XIII. The Mechanism of Scaffolding-Assisted Assembly281
XIV. External Scaffolding Proteins283
XV. The PX174 External Scaffolding Protein284
XVI. P4 Sid Protein290
XVII. Herpesvirus Triplex Proteins292
XVIII. Scaffolding-Like Functions293
References295
Chapter 8. Molecular Mechanisms in Bacteriophage T7 Procapsid Assembly, Maturation, and DNA Containm301
I. Introduction301
II. Overexpressed T7 and T3 Connectors have 12- and 13-Fold Symmetry303
III. The Procapsid Core has 8-Fold Symmetry: Another Symmetry Mismatch303
IV. Procapsid Structure305
V. Procapsid Maturation: Expansion is Initiated in the Connector308
VI. Packaging and Parting of DNA309
VII. The Mature Capsid Structure: Filled and Empty Shells310
VIII. Structure of Packaged DNA.315
IX. Summary319
References320
Chapter 9. Conformational Changes in Enveloped Virus Surface Proteins During Cell Entry325
I. Introduction: Multiple Stops on the Protein-Folding Landscape325
II. Influenza Hemagglutinin326
III. Retroviruses338
IV. Paramyxoviruses Turn Paradigms Upside Down?350
V. Oligomerization State Switches in Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses353
VI. Concluding Remarks356
References357
Chapter 10. Enveloped Viruses363
I. Introduction363
II. General Structural Features of Enveloped Viruses364
III. Alphavirus Structure365
IV. Flavivirus Structure367
V. Virus Assembly369
VI. Virus–Cell Fusion372
VII. Concluding Remarks373
References374
Chapter 11. Studying Large Viruses379
I. What is a Large Virus?379
II. Why Large Viruses?381
III. Why Study Large Viruses?384
IV. Methods of Structural Analysis385
V. Complexity of Organization386
VI. Structural Folds393
VII. Assembly Mechanisms394
VIII. Maturation399
IX. Accessory Proteins400
X. Packaging401
XI. Future Prospects402
XII. Summary403
References404
Chapter 12. Structural Studies on Antibody–Virus Complexes409
I. Introduction409
II. Background410
III. Structural Studies on Virus–Antibody Complexes412
IV. Conclusions439
References443
Chapter 13. Structural Basis of Nonenveloped Virus Cell Entry455
I. Introduction455
II. Reovirus Cell Entry, Tissue Tropism, and Pathogenesis456
III. Reovirus Structure458
IV. Proteolysis of the 1 Protein Regulates Viral Growth in the Intestine and Systemic Spread460
V. The a1 Tail Binds Cell Surface Sialic Acid462
VI. The s1 Head Binds Junctional Adhesion Molecule.463
VII. Reovirus–Receptor Interactions Promote Cell Death by Apoptosis464
VIII. Picornavirus–Receptor Complexes465
IX. Poliovirus Cell Entry Mechanisms466
X. Identification of the Poliovirus Attachment Receptor468
XI. Poliovirus-Associated Lipid Molecules469
XII. Receptors for Rhinoviruses470
XIII. Receptors for Other Picornaviruses473
XIV. Human Adenoviruses475
XV. Adenovirus Attachment Receptors476
XVI. Cell Integrins Promote Adenovirus Internalization478
XVII. Signaling Events Associated with Adenovirus Internalization481
XVIII. av Integrins Regulate Adenovirus-Mediated Endosome Disruption482
XIX. Conclusions482
References484
AUTHOR INDEX493
SUBJECT INDEX531
Color Plate SectionColor Plate-1

Book details

Vendor Elsevier S & T
SKU 9780120342648
ISBN-13 9780080493770
Author Chiu, Wah
Category Science
Subject Biochemistry

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This volume covers the full spectrum of modern structural virology. Its goal is to describe the means for defining moderate to high resolution structures and the basic principles that have emerged from these studies. Among the topics covered are Hybrid Vigor, Structural Folds of Viral Proteins, Virus Particle Dynamics, Viral Gemone Organization, Enveloped Viruses and Large Viruses.

* Covers viral assembly using heterologous expression systems and cell extracts
* Discusses molecular mechanisms in bacteriophage T7 procapsid assembly, maturation and DNA containment
* Includes information on structural studies on antibody/virus complexes

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