Water Resources Systems Planning and Management
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Table of contents
- Cover
- Contentsxi
- Prefacevii
- Acknowledgmentsx
- Part I: Preliminaries1
- Chapter 1. Introduction to Water Resources Systems3
- 1.1 Need for Water6
- 1.2 Availability of Water12
- 1.3 Technology for Meeting Water Needs18
- 1.4 Water Resources Planning19
- 1.5 Water Resources Development20
- 1.6 Water Resources Management21
- 1.7 Water Resources Systems26
- 1.8 Issues in Systems Approach31
- 1.9 Advantages and Limitations of Systems Approach34
- 1.10 Challenges in Water Sector36
- 1.11 An Example Water Resources System–Sabarmati System40
- 1.12 Closure43
- 1.13 References44
- Chapter 2. Acquisition and Processing of Water Resources Data47
- 2.1 Types of Water Resources Data48
- 2.2 Design of Hydrometeorological Networks52
- 2.3 Data Validation55
- 2.4 Acquisition and Processing of Precipitation Data59
- 2.5 Acquisition and Processing of other Meteorological Data76
- 2.6 Acquisition and Processing of Streamflow Data81
- 2.7 Water Quality Data99
- 2.8 Other Data107
- 2.9 Water Resource Information System114
- 2.10 Closure119
- 2.11 References119
- Chapter 3. Emerging Techniques for Data Acquisition and Systems Modeling123
- 3.1 Remote Sensing123
- 3.2 Geographic Information Systems146
- 3.3 Artificial Neural Networks171
- 3.4 Expert Systems189
- 3.5 Closure198
- 3.6 References199
- Chapter 4. Statistical Techniques for Data Analysis207
- 4.1 Basic Concepts208
- 4.2 Probability Distributions215
- 4.3 Methods of Parameter Estimation222
- 4.4 Concept of Entropy230
- 4.5 Problems of Parameter Estimation232
- 4.6 Hypothesis Testing235
- 4.7 Linear Regression240
- 4.8 Multiple Linear Regression248
- 4.9 Correlation Analysis251
- 4.10 Frequency Analysis254
- 4.11 Time Series Analysis262
- 4.12 Markov Models271
- 4.13 Closure274
- 4.14 References274
- Part II: Decision Making277
- Chapter 5. Systems Analysis Techniques279
- 5.1 Systems Analysis Techniques279
- 5.2 Optimization280
- 5.3 Linear Programming282
- 5.4 Nonlinear Programming297
- 5.5 Dynamic Programming307
- 5.6 Stochastic Optimization314
- 5.7 Multi-Objective Optimization319
- 5.8 Goal Programming328
- 5.9 Simulation337
- 5.10 Closure345
- Appendix 5A.1 Generation of Random Numbers346
- Appendix 5A.2 Transformation of Random Numbers347
- 5.11 References349
- Chapter 6. Economic Considerations351
- 6.1 Basic Principles of Project Economics352
- 6.2 Demand and Utility of Water359
- 6.3 Project Economics and Evaluation363
- 6.4 Discounting Techniques366
- 6.5 Benefit-Cost Ratio Method367
- 6.6 Other Discounting Methods373
- 6.7 Project Feasibility and Optimality381
- 6.8 Allocation of Project Cost386
- 6.9 Closure392
- 6.10 References392
- Chapter 7. Environmental and Social Considerations395
- 7.1 Dynamism of Environment396
- 7.2 Water in Environment397
- 7.3 Environmental Impacts of Water Resources Projects398
- 7.4 Environmental Impacts of Reservoirs405
- 7.5 Environmental Problems in Command Areas413
- 7.6 Environmental Impact Assessment415
- 7.7 Integration of Environmental Aspects in Water Resources Planning430
- 7.8 Environmental Considerations in Reservoir Planning and Operation433
- 7.9 Sustainable Development436
- 7.10 Social Impacts442
- 7.11 Case Study - Sardar Sarovar Project, India448
- 7.12 Closure454
- 7.13 References454
- Appendix 7A The Report of World Commission on Dams457
- Chapter 8. Rational Decision Making459
- 8.1 Concept of Rationality461
- 8.2 Risk Analysis and Management462
- 8.3 Uncertainty Analysis472
- 8.4 Utility Theory485
- 8.5 Systems Techniques for Rational Decision Making492
- 8.6 Bayesian Decision Making495
- 8.7 Closure501
- 8.8 References501
- Part III: Water Resources Planning and Development503
- Chapter 9. Water Resources Planning505
- 9.1 Integrated Planning508
- 9.2 Stages in Water Resources Planning509
- 9.3 Data Collection and Processing513
- 9.4 Estimation of Future Water Demands516
- 9.5 Plan Initiation and Preliminary Planning520
- 9.6 Institutional Set-up525
- 9.7 Public Involvement528
- 9.8 Formulation and Screening of Alternatives533
- 9.9 Models for Water Resources Planning535
- 9.10 Sensitivity Analysis541
- 9.11 Interaction between Analyst and Decision-maker543
- 9.12 Water Resource Planning–Case Studies545
- 9.13 Closure550
- 9.14 References551
- Chapter 10. Reservoir Sizing555
- 10.1 Need for Reservoirs556
- 10.2 Characteristics and Requirements of Water Uses558
- 10.3 Reservoir Planning561
- 10.4 Estimation of Water Yield Using Flow Duration Curves566
- 10.5 Hydropower Generation569
- 10.6 Reservoir Losses574
- 10.7 Range Analysis577
- 10.8 Regulation Regime Function581
- 10.9 Reservoir Capacity Computation583
- 10.10 Storage Requirement for Conservation Purposes585
- 10.11 Flood Control Storage Capacity595
- 10.12 Reservoir Routing598
- 10.13 Fixing Top of Dam606
- Appendix 10.A Definitions607
- Appendix 10.B Fixing Live Storage Capacity of Dharoi Reservoir609
- 10.14 References611
- Part IV: Systems Operation and Management613
- Chapter 11. Reservoir Operation615
- 11.1 Conflicts in Reservoir Operation616
- 11.2 Critical Issues in Reservoir Operation617
- 11.3 Basic Concepts of Reservoir Operation620
- 11.4 Rule Curves623
- 11.5 Operation of a Multi-Reservoir System627
- 11.6 Reservoir Operation for Flood Control639
- 11.7 System Engineering for Reservoir Management650
- 11.8 Real-Time Reservoir Operation660
- 11.9 Development of Operating Rules for Sabarmati System664
- 11.10 Closure675
- 11.11 References676
- Chapter 12. Reservoir Sedimentation681
- 12.1 Reservoir Sedimentation684
- 12.2 Loss of Storage Capacity691
- 12.3 Sediment Yield of Watersheds702
- 12.4 Reservoir Surveys715
- 12.5 Assessment of Reservoir Sedimentation Using Remote Sensing721
- 12.6 Methods to Control Sediment Inflow into a Reservoir727
- 12.7 Sediment Routing734
- 12.8 Recovery of Storage Capacity736
- 12.9 Closure739
- 12.10 References739
- Chapter 13. Water Quality Modeling743
- 13.1 Relevant Properties of Water744
- 13.2 Water Quality Monitoring746
- 13.3 River Water Quality Modeling752
- 13.4 Modeling of Oxygen in Rivers765
- 13.5 Catchment-scale Water Quality Models772
- 13.6 Water Quality in Lakes and Reservoirs775
- 13.7 Groundwater Quality781
- 13.8 Closure784
- 13.9 References785
- Chapter 14. River Basin Planning and Management787
- 14.1 Definition and Scope of River Basin Management789
- 14.2 Planning and River Basin Management796
- 14.3 Integrated Water Resources Management797
- 14.4 Decision Support Systems (DSS)809
- 14.5 Institutional Aspects of Basin Management817
- 14.6 Public Involvement825
- 14.7 Inter-Basin Water Transfer827
- 14.8 Management of International River Basins832
- 14.9 Closure837
- 14.10 References838
- Appendix A. Conversion Factors843
- Appendix B. Useful Internet Sites845
- Index849
This book is divided into four parts. The first part, Preliminaries, begins by introducing the basic theme of the book. It provides an overview of the current status of water resources utilization, the likely scenario of future demands, and advantages and disadvantages of systems techniques. An understanding of how the hydrological data are measured and processed is important before undertaking any analysis. The discussion is extended to emerging techniques, such as Remote Sensing, GIS, Artificial Neural Networks, and Expert Systems. The statistical tools for data analysis including commonly used probability distributions, parameter estimation, regression and correlation, frequency analysis, and time-series analysis are discussed in a separate chapter.
Part 2 Decision Making, is a bouquet of techniques organized in 4 chapters. After discussing optimization and simulation, the techniques of economic analysis are covered. Recently, environmental and social aspects, and rehabilitation and resettlement of project-affected people have come to occupy a central stage in water resources management and any good book is incomplete unless these topics are adequately covered. The concept of rational decision making along with risk, reliability, and uncertainty aspects form subject matter of a chapter. With these analytical tools, the practitioner is well equipped to take a rational decision for water resources utilization.
Part 3 deals with Water Resources Planning and Development. This part discusses the concepts of planning, the planning process, integrated planning, public involvement, and reservoir sizing.
The last part focuses on Systems Operation and Management. After a resource is developed, it is essential to manage it in the best possible way. Many dams around the world are losing some storage capacity every year due to sedimentation and therefore, the assessment and management of reservoir sedimentation is described in details. No analysis of water resources systems is complete without consideration of water quality. A river basin is the natural unit in which water occurs. The final chapter discusses various issues related to holistic management of a river basin.