Wiley Global Education UK

Web Programming: Building Internet Applications

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Table of contents

Front Matterxvii
Prefacexvii
THE INTENDED AUDIENCExviii
TYPOGRAPHYxix
CONTACTING THE AUTHORxxi
Acknowledgmentsxxiii
1 Introduction1
1.1 HTML, XML, AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB3
1.1.1 A Little Bit of History4
The HTML 4.0 specification document from W3C says:5
1.1.2 XML: The Future of the Web6
1.1.3 Hypertext7
RULE OF THUMB8
1.1.4 Styles versus Formatting8
RULE OF THUMB9
1.1.5 Relative Positioning9
RULE OF THUMB10
1.1.6 HTML Authoring Tools10
1.1.7 MIME Types and Multimedia Content11
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions12
Helper Applications12
EXERCISES13
PART I HTML15
2 Hypertext Markup Language17
2.1 BASIC HTML17
2.1.1 Tags18
2.1.2 Structure of an XHTML Document18
RULE OF THUMB19
Commenting Your Pages20
2.1.3 The Document Head21
2.2 THE DOCUMENT BODY22
2.2.1 Blocks22
Reducing Elements24
2.2.2 The Basic Web Page – A Worked Example25
2.3 TEXT26
Figure 2.1 The basic Web page26
Figure 2.2 Changing font sizes28
Figure 2.3 Font Variations29
Figure 2.4 Escape sequences30
RULE OF THUMB30
2.3.1 Text Formatting – A Worked Example31
2.4 HYPERLINKS31
Figure 2.5 Formatted text32
Figure 2.6 Hyperlinks33
2.4.1 Relative Paths33
Figure 2.7 Sample site map34
2.4.2 Uniform Resource Locators35
2.4.3 Linking to Specific Sections35
RULE OF THUMB36
2.4.4 Linking to Other Pages – A Worked Example36
2.5 ADDING MORE FORMATTING37
2.6 LISTS37
Figure 2.8 Linked Web pages38
RULE OF THUMB40
2.6.1 Lists – A Worked Example40
Figure 2.9 Lists41
2.7 USING COLOR AND IMAGES42
RULE OF THUMB42
2.8 IMAGES43
RULE OF THUMB45
2.8.1 Images-A Worked Example46
Figure 2.10 Using colors and images46
EXERCISES47
3 More HTML50
3.1 TABLES51
Figure 3.1 A simple table52
RULE OF THUMB53
RULE OF THUMB54
3.1.1 A Table of Data – A Worked Example54
Figure 3.2 Data in tables55
3.1.2 Advanced Table Elements55
Figure 3.3 A comprehensive table57
3.2 MULTIMEDIA OBJECTS57
3.2.1 Including Objects58
Figure 3.4 Microsoft powerpoint inside internet explorer59
Figure 3.5 Separate real player60
Figure 3.6 Embedded real player60
3.2.2 Applets62
Figure 3.7 A Java applet63
3.3 FRAMES64
RULE OF THUMB65
3.3.1 Frames – A Worked Example66
Figure 3.8 Using simple frames66
3.3.2 Iframes – Frames Within Pages67
Iframes–An Example68
Figure 3.9 Using inline frames69
3.4 FORMS – TOWARD INTERACTIVITY69
Figure 3.10 Getting information via a form72
3.4.1 Forms – A Worked Example72
3.5 THE HTML DOCUMENT HEAD IN DETAIL73
3.5.1 Control Information75
3.6 XHTML – AN EVOLUTIONARY MARKUP77
3.6.1 The XHTML Document78
Control Data78
Using An XML Declaration78
The New Document Type Definitions79
The Expanded HTML Element79
XHTML Elements80
3.6.2 An Example81
EXERCISES82
PART II Stylesheets85
4 Cascading Stylesheets87
4.1 INTRODUCTION87
RULE OF THUMB88
4.2 USING STYLES: SIMPLE EXAMPLES88
Changing h188
Figure 4.1 Changing h189
Changing More Styles90
Figure 4.2 Declaring styles inline and in the head90
A Slightly More Complex Example91
Figure 4.3 Using complex styles92
4.3 DEFINING YOUR OWN STYLES93
4.3.1 Cascading Styles93
4.3.2 Rules93
4.3.3 Classes94
Figure 4.4 Using classes of style95
Anonymous Classes95
4.3.4 Including Stylesheets96
4.4 PROPERTIES AND VALUES IN STYLES97
RULE OF THUMB97
4.4.1 Formatting Elements97
Figure 4.5 The box model for CSS elements98
4.4.2 Fonts98
4.4.3 Backgrounds and Colors99
4.4.4 Text100
4.4.5 Boxes100
4.4.6 Units and URLs101
Lengths101
4.5 STYLESHEETS – A WORKED EXAMPLE102
4.5.1 The stylesheet102
Figure 4.6 Formatting using stylesheets102
4.5.2 The HTML Page104
4.6 FORMATTING BLOCKS OF INFORMATION106
4.6.1 Classes106
4.6.2 Divisions108
4.6.3 Spans108
RULE OF THUMB109
4.7 LAYERS109
4.7.1 Worked Examples of Divisions and Spans110
Overlapping Layers110
Figure 4.7 Using layers to format pages111
Adjoining Layers112
Figure 4.8 Multiple styles113
Figure 4.9 Styling inline frames116
Styling Inline Frames116
EXERCISES119
5 Cascading Style Sheets Two121
5.1 THE DESIGN OF CSS2122
5.1.1 Media Types123
5.2 STYLING FOR PAGED MEDIA124
5.2.1 Page Rules125
5.2.2 Page Breaks126
5.3 USING AURAL PRESENTATION127
5.3.1 Properties127
5.4 COUNTERS AND NUMBERING131
Figure 5.1 Adding content with CSS2133
5.4.1 Counters133
Figure 5.2 Dynamic counters134
EXERCISES135
PART III JavaScript137
6 An Introduction to JavaScript139
6.1 WHAT IS DYNAMIC HTML?140
RULE OF THUMB140
6.2 JAVASCRIPT141
6.2.1 How Simple is JavaScript?141
6.2.2 Borrowing Code142
WARNING143
6.2.3 Benefits of JavaScript143
6.2.4 Problems with JavaScript143
6.2.5 Do I Have to Use JavaScript?143
6.3 JAVASCRIPT – THE BASICS144
6.3.1 A Simple Script145
6.3.2 JavaScript and the HTML Page146
Side Effects148
6.3.3 The Output149
6.3.4 The Code Samples149
Figure 6.1 Opening an alert box149
Figure 6.2 The Mozilla JavaScript console150
Figure 6.3 The dialog boxes151
6.4 VARIABLES151
6.4.1 Variable Names152
6.4.2 Data Types152
6.4.3 Creating Variables154
Using Variables in JavaScript154
RULE OF THUMB156
Converting data types157
Figure 6.4 Converting between data types158
6.5 STRING MANIPULATION158
6.6 MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS163
6.6.1 Global Methods164
6.6.2 The Math Library165
6.7 STATEMENTS167
Table 6.1 JavaScript numerical constants168
6.8 OPERATORS174
Table 6.2 JavaScript operators174
6.9 ARRAYS175
Figure 6.5 The structure of an array175
6.9.1 Basic Array Functions176
Creating Arrays176
Adding Elements to an Array176
Accessing Array Members177
Searching an Array178
Figure 6.6 Looping through an array178
Removing Array Members179
Figure 6.7 Removing an array element179
6.9.2 Object-based Array Functions183
Figure 6.8 Concatenating arrays184
Figure 6.9 Array operations185
Figure 6.10 Splicing arrays188
6.10 FUNCTIONS188
6.10.1 Defining Functions188
6.10.2 Parameter Passing189
Figure 6.11 Function call 1190
Figure 6.12 Function call 2191
Figure 6.13 Function call 3191
6.10.3 Examining the Function Call191
6.10.4 Comments192
6.10.5 Parsing193
6.10.6 Returning Values193
6.10.7 Scoping Rules194
EXERCISES196
7 Objects in JavaScript198
7.1 DATA AND OBJECTS IN JAVASCRIPT198
7.1.1 Objects – A Brief Introduction198
Objects198
JavaScript Objects200
7.2 REGULAR EXPRESSIONS203
7.2.1 Creating Regular Expressions204
7.2.2 Writing Patterns204
Table 7.1 JavaScript regular expression grammar205
7.2.3 Remembering the Result205
7.2.4 Functions206
Class String Functions207
Class RegExp Functions208
7.2.5 Flags208
7.2.6 Examples208
Finding a Pattern Match209
Splitting a String209
Replacing a Matched String210
Swapping Two Words211
7.3 EXCEPTION HANDLING211
7.3.1 An Exceptional Example213
7.4 BUILT-IN OBJECTS215
7.4.1 The Document Object215
7.4.2 The Window Object217
7.4.3 The Form Object218
7.4.4 The Browser Object219
Browser Sniffing220
7.4.5 The Date Object222
Table 7.2 JavaScript date functions223
7.5 COOKIES225
7.5.1 Setting a Cookie225
7.5.2 Retrieving a Cookie226
7.5.3 Deleting a Cookie227
7.5.4 Using Cookies228
7.6 EVENTS230
Table 7.3 JavaScript events231
Table 7.4 JavaScript 1 objects and event handlers234
EXERCISES235
8 Dynamic HTML with JavaScript237
8.1 DATA VALIDATION238
8.1.1 Validation: An Example239
8.2 OPENING A NEW WINDOW242
RULES243
8.3 MESSAGES AND CONFIRMATIONS244
Figure 8.1 The popup dialog boxes244
8.4 THE STATUS BAR245
Figure 8.2 Writing to the status line245
8.5 WRITING TO A DIFFERENT FRAME246
8.5.1 The Frameset246
Figure 8.3 The color picker247
8.5.2 The Upper Frame248
8.5.3 The JavaScript Code249
Figure 8.4 The structure of color picker251
8.6 ROLLOVER BUTTONS252
8.6.1 The Explanation255
The JavaScript255
RULE OF THUMB256
8.7 MOVING IMAGES257
8.8 MULTIPLE PAGES IN A SINGLE DOWNLOAD261
8.8.1 The Stylesheet261
8.8.2 The HTML Page262
8.8.3 The JavaScript264
8.9 A TEXT-ONLY MENU SYSTEM264
8.9.1 The HTML Page265
8.9.2 The JavaScript267
8.10 FLOATING LOGOS267
8.10.1 The HTML Page268
8.10.2 The JavaScript269
EXERCISES270
PART IV Perl273
9 Programming in Perl 5275
9.1 WHY PERL?277
9.1.1 A Brief History Lesson278
9.2 ON-LINE DOCUMENTATION278
Table 9.1 perldoc commands279
9.3 THE BASIC PERL PROGRAM280
9.4 SCALARS283
Table 9.2 Scalar data assignments284
9.4.1 Functions Which Operate On Scalars286
9.5 ARRAYS287
RULE OF THUMB290
RULE OF THUMB291
9.5.1 Functions Which Operate on Arrays291
9.6 HASHES293
RULE OF THUMB294
RULE OF THUMB296
9.6.1 Functions Which Operate on Hashes298
9.7 CONTROL STRUCTURES299
9.7.1 Loops300
9.7.2 Boolean Conditions305
RULE OF THUMB308
9.8 PROCESSING TEXT308
9.8.1 Splitting Strings309
9.8.2 Building Strings313
9.8.3 Formatting Date and Time313
9.8.4 Character Manipulation315
9.8.5 Printing Strings316
Table 9.3 printf formatting controls317
9.9 REGULAR EXPRESSIONS319
9.9.1 Using Regular Expressions320
9.9.2 Pattern Matching Operators320
9.9.3 Components of Regular Expressions321
Table 9.4 Modifiers for pattern matching321
Table 9.5 Modifiers for pattern replacement321
Table 9.6 Modifiers for list replacement322
Alphanumeric Characters322
Metacharacters322
Special Characters and Operators323
Alternatives323
Table 9.7 Special characters324
Table 9.8 Pattern matching multipliers325
Quantifiers325
Character Classes325
9.9.4 Rules for Matching326
9.9.5 A Few Other Things That You Should Know327
Backreferences – An Example327
9.10 USING FILES328
9.11 SUBROUTINES331
9.11.1 Parameters into an Array332
9.11.2 Parameters into a Hash334
9.12 BITS AND PIECES335
9.12.1 Operators335
Table 9.9 Logical operators (text and numerical)335
9.12.2 Comments338
9.12.3 Special Characters338
9.12.4 Garbage Collection339
9.12.5 Command-line Parameters339
9.12.6 Things I Have Left Out340
EXERCISES340
10 CGI Scripting346
10.1 WHAT IS CGI?346
10.2 DEVELOPING CGI APPLICATIONS347
10.3 PROCESSING CGI348
10.3.1 Rationale348
10.4 INTRODUCTION TO CGI.PM349
10.5 CGI.PM METHODS351
10.5.1 Creating CGI objects351
10.5.2 Extracting Parameter Names351
10.5.3 Fetching Parameter Values352
10.6 CREATING HTML PAGES DYNAMICALLY352
10.6.1 The HTTP Header352
10.6.2 Starting and Finishing a Page353
10.6.3 The Body of the Page354
10.7 USING CGI.pm – AN EXAMPLE356
10.8 ADDING ROBUSTNESS357
10.8.1 Taint Checking357
10.8.2 Strict358
10.9 CARP360
10.10 COOKIES361
10.10.1 Cookies in Detail362
10.10.2 The Parts of a Cookie363
Name363
Value363
Expiry Date363
Domain363
Path364
Secure364
10.10.3 Handling Cookies in Perl364
Creating a Cookie364
Reading a Cookie365
Deleting a Cookie367
EXERCISES367
11 Building Web Applications With Perl369
11.1 UPLOADING FILES371
11.1.1 The HTML Page372
11.1.2 The CGI Script374
11.2 TRACKING USERS WITH HIDDEN DATA376
11.2.1 The Initial HTML Page377
11.2.2 The CGI Script378
11.3 USING RELATIONAL DATABASES379
11.3.1 Introducing DBI379
11.3.2 RDBMS Neutral Database Applications380
Figure 11.1 The Perl DBI380
11.3.3 Perl DBI Methods381
Sessions381
Preparing Statements383
Database Operations384
11.3.4 Using DBI and a Relational Database-An Example385
Writing to a Database385
11.3.5 Reading from a Database386
11.4 USING libwww387
11.5 TEMPLATE-BASED SITES WITH HTML::MASON393
11.5.1 A Basic Application394
11.5.2 Mason In Action396
main.html396
Figure 11.2 Using Mason397
thetop398
motd398
logo399
links399
thebody399
headlines400
footer401
11.6 CREATING AND MANIPULATING IMAGES402
11.6.1 Using GD404
Simple Applications405
Working On The Web408
Manipulating Existing Images409
11.6.2 Creating Graphs With GD::Graph411
A Simple Application412
11.6.3 Using ImageMagick414
Figure 11.3 Using Image::Magick415
A Simple Application415
The HTML Page415
The Script416
EXERCISES417
PART V PHP419
12 An Introduction to PHP421
12.1 PHP422
12.2 INTRODUCING PHP423
Figure 12.1 Testing a PHP installation424
12.3 INCLUDING PHP IN A PAGE425
12.3.1 Variables426
12.3.2 Accessing HTTP Data427
12.4 DATATYPES429
12.4.1 Numbers429
12.4.2 Boolean429
12.4.3 Strings430
Table 12.1 Escape sequences in PHP431
12.4.4 Changing Data Type432
Figure 12.2 Converting strings to numbers432
12.4.5 Other Useful Functions433
12.5 PROGRAM CONTROL434
Table 12.2 Logical operators (text and numerical)435
12.5.1 Using Multiple Source Files440
12.6 ARRAYS441
12.6.1 The Basic Array441
12.6.2 Associative Arrays442
12.6.3 Multidimensional Arrays443
12.6.4 Array Functions444
Figure 12.3 Converting strings to numbers448
12.7 USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS450
12.7.1 Variable Scope451
12.8 BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS452
12.8.1 Output452
12.8.2 String Function454
Figure 12.4 Using printf in PHP455
Table 12.3 PHP printf formatting codes456
Figure 12.5 String manipulation in PHP459
12.8.3 Math Functions460
12.8.4 Dates and Times462
Table 12.4 Time and date formatting characters463
Figure 12.6 Formatted date string464
12.9 REGULAR EXPRESSION464
Figure 12.7 Splitting strings468
12.10 USING FILES468
Table 12.5 File modes472
13 Building Web Applications With PHP475
13.1 TRACKING USERS476
13.1.1 Cookies476
13.1.2 Sessions482
13.2 USING DATABASES485
13.2.1 LAMP485
13.2.2 Introducing MySQL486
13.2.3 Accessing MySQL from PHP490
13.2.4 Using Pear DB494
13.3 HANDLING XML498
13.3.1 PHP’s XML Facilities498
13.3.2 Processing RSS Feeds501
EXERCISES506
PART VI Miscellany509
14 XML: Defining Data for Web Applications511
RULE OF THUMB512
14.1 BASIC XML514
Figure 14.1 Internet Explorer 5 displaying XML515
Figure 14.2 Internet Explorer 5 displaying an XML error516
14.1.1 Valid or Well Formed?516
14.1.2 XML Elements516
Nesting Tags517
Case Sensitive517
Empty Tags517
Attributes518
14.1.3 Control Information518
Comments519
Processing Instructions519
Document Type Declarations519
14.1.4 Entities520
14.1.5 Putting it All Together520
14.2 DOCUMENT TYPE DEFINITION523
Figure 14.3 The XML recipe book525
14.2.1 Elements525
Table 14.1 DTD elements which control repetition526
Attributes527
14.2.2 Entities528
Internal Entities528
External Entities529
14.2.3 Namespaces529
14.3 XML SCHEMA530
14.3.1 Schema for the Recipe Book531
14.4 DOCUMENT OBJECT MODEL533
Figure 14.4 Sample document object model534
14.5 PRESENTING XML535
14.5.1 The Recipe Book XSL Explained538
Figure 14.5 The XML recipe book formatted with XSL539
14.5.2 XSL Elements542
14.5.3 Styling XML With Cascading Stylesheets544
Figure 14.6 Opera displaying CSS formatted XML545
14.6 HANDLING XML WITH PERL546
14.6.1 Parsing XML with Perl548
Parsing548
Parsing XML549
XML Parsers550
14.7 USING XML::PARSER550
14.7.1 XML::Parser Methods551
14.7.2 XML::Parser Event Handlers553
14.7.3 XML::Parser and the Recipe Book554
14.8 HANDLING THE DOM WITH PERL558
14.8.1 XML::DOM559
Table 14.2 Constants used in XML::DOM560
14.8.2 XML::DOM::Node560
14.8.3 XML::DOM::NodeList562
14.8.4 XML::DOM::NamedNodeMap562
14.8.5 XML::DOM::Element563
14.8.6 XML::DOM::Text563
14.8.7 XML::DOM and the Recipe Book563
EXERCISES568
15 Good Design569
15.1 STRUCTURE571
Figure 15.1 A breadcrumb trail571
15.2 TABLES VERSUS FRAMES VERSUS…572
15.2.1 The Code572
Using a Table572
Figure 15.2 Formatting a site within a table573
Using Frames574
Figure 15.3 Formatting using frames575
15.2.2 Escaping from Framesets577
15.2.3 Discussion577
15.3 ACCESSIBILITY577
Table 15.1 Contrasting frames and tables578
15.4 INTERNATIONALIZATION581
EXERCISES581
16 Protocols583
16.1 PROTOCOLS584
16.2 IP AND TCP585
Figure 16.1 Layers of a network protocol585
16.2.1 Internet Protocol586
Figure 16.2 The Internet Protocol packet header586
16.2.2 Transmission Control Protocol587
Figure 16.3 The Transmission Control Protocol header587
16.2.3 Internet Addresses588
16.3 HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL588
16.3.1 HTTP Sessions589
Connection Setup589
Browser Request589
Server Response590
Closing the Connection591
Table 16.1 HTTP server response codes591
16.3.2 HTTP Server Response Codes592
16.4 COMMON GATEWAY INTERFACE592
16.4.1 The Dangers of Using CGI592
16.4.2 Environment Variables593
Table 16.2 CGI-related environment variables594
16.4.3 The GET and POST Methods595
16.4.4 Using CGI Scripts595
Configuring Scripts on the Server595
Running Scripts from the Command-line596
16.5 THE DOCUMENT OBJECT MODEL596
16.6 INTRODUCING THE DOCUMENT OBJECT MODEL598
Figure 16.4 Sample Document Object Model599
EXERCISES599
17 Case Study601
17.1 THE PLAN601
17.2 THE DATA603
PART VII Appendices607
Back Matter609
Glossary609
A Accessing a Database From PHP Usingmysqli613
B Accessing a Database From PHP Using Pear DB619
C HTML Color Codes625
D HTML Entities630

Book details

Vendor Wiley Global Education UK
SKU 0470065087R90
ISBN-13 9780470065082

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Web programming is about more than creating and formatting webpages and websites, though that is often a starting point for many. Using scripting languages such as JavaScript, Perl and PH, it becomes possible to add a lot more functionality to a site.

This book teaches the essentials of working with the most important web technologies. From client development using HTML and Javascript, through to full server side applications written in ASP and Perl, the complete web system is shown. Concentrating on immediately useful code rather than theory, this is a how-to book for practical and project based courses. The broad scope covered by this book begins by creating reasonably simple webpages with HTML, then working through related document and content tagging systems such as dynamic HTML and eventually XML.

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