What Can Nanotechnology Learn From Biotechnology?: Social and Ethical Lessons for Nanoscience from the Debate over Agrifood Biotechnology and GMOs
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Table of contents
- Contentsv
- Acknowledgmentsxi
- Prefacexiii
- About the Authorsxv
- Part 1 Analytic Introduction1
- Chapter 1 Socio-Technical Analysis of those Concerned with Emerging Technology, Engagement, and Gove3
- In a nutshell: our audiences and our core objective4
- Nano-benefits, nano-issues, nano-fears, and reactions5
- Objectives of this volume16
- Contending perspectives18
- Roadmap to this volume21
- Conclusion25
- Endnotes28
- References29
- Internet references30
- Part 2 Looking Back to the Bio Debate31
- Chapter 2 Learning from Mistakes: Missteps in Public Acceptance Issues with GMOs33
- Introduction34
- Problems with terminology35
- What is genetic modification/genetic engineering/biotechnology?36
- History of biotechnology36
- How is biotechnology (rDNA) used?38
- Applications of biotechnology38
- Red and green biotechnology39
- Biotechnology has been compared to a train41
- Risks: real and perceived42
- Distinguishing perspectives45
- Conclusion51
- References53
- Chapter 3 The Ethics of Agri-Food Biotechnology: How Can an Agricultural Technology be so Important?55
- Introduction56
- The environmental ethics of agbiotech58
- The safety of GM foods62
- Ethics and choice64
- Ethics and control69
- Conclusion: whither nanotechnology ethics?74
- References77
- Internet references79
- Chapter 4 A View from the Advocacy Community81
- Introduction81
- Basics of the biotechnology debate82
- Continuing controversy for agricultural and food applications83
- Classifying nanotechnology risks84
- Consequences if nanochemicals present special risks85
- Three lessons86
- Part 3 Questioning the Analogy (From Bio to Nano)89
- Chapter 5 The Three Teachings of Biotechnology91
- Introduction91
- What are we talking about?93
- If you do not agree with me you must be stupid!96
- A one-sided dialogue98
- Conclusions101
- Endnotes102
- References103
- Internet references104
- Chapter 6 From Bio to Nano: Learning the Lessons, Interrogating the Comparisons107
- Introduction107
- Learning from the past108
- Learning from the present114
- Lessons for nanotechnologies119
- Endnotes120
- References121
- Chapter 7 Nano and Bio: How are they Alike? How are they Different?125
- Why nanotechnology may not be much like biotechnology127
- Hypothesis 1: food technologies are sensitive130
- Hypothesis 2: the naturalness thing132
- Hypothesis 3: playing God134
- Hypothesis 4: environmental release135
- Hypothesis 5: public educational efforts are inoculating nanotechnology against public opposition137
- Hypothesis 6: agrifood biotechnology was narrow, nanotechnology is broad138
- Hypothesis 7: no benefit to consumers141
- Hypothesis 8: lack of confidence in the regulatory system143
- Hypothesis 9: intellectual property rights146
- Hypothesis 10: changing relations of economic power148
- Analysis150
- References152
- Internet references155
- Chapter 8 "It's Like Déjà-Vu, All Over Again": Anticipating Societal Responses to Nanotechnologies157
- Introduction158
- How many more times will we be "surprised" by societal responses?159
- Why is the same technology sometimes accepted and sometimes rejected in apparently similar circumsta160
- To what extent can we accurately anticipate societal responses and acceptability?161
- How can, or should, society make better-informed decisions?161
- Agricultural nanotechnologies„members of a class of technologies162
- Patterns of societal response can be anticipated164
- Suggesting a conceptual framework: PACT165
- Conclusion: a call for a convergent science of societal response170
- Endnotes170
- References171
- Internet references172
- Part 4 Areas of Ambiguity in Implementing an Emerging Technology173
- Chapter 9 A Framework for Translating Biotechnology Experiences to Nanotechnology175
- New technologies from discovery to market176
- From science to technology177
- Radical technologies and innovation179
- Innovation and agricultural biotechnology180
- New technologies and industry structure183
- Endnotes187
- References187
- Chapter 10 Engagement and Translation: Perspective of a Natural Scientist189
- Focus192
- Engagement194
- Translation issues203
- Discussion217
- Endnotes218
- References218
- Internet references219
- Chapter 11 Biotechnology, Nanotechnology, Media, and Public Opinion221
- Introduction221
- Problematizing the categories223
- Media and public opinion225
- Social constructions of "the public"228
- Discussion231
- Endnotes232
- References233
- Part 5 Looking Forward to the Nano Situation235
- Chapter 12 Lessons from the Bio-Decade: A Social Scientific Perspective237
- Introduction237
- Understanding the process of innovation239
- Questioning sound science242
- Perspectives on risk245
- Menacing images and magical thinking248
- Uncertainty and anxiety249
- Weighing up gains and losses250
- Truth claims and communicating science253
- Changing science, changing societies256
- Implications for nanotechnology257
- References257
- Chapter 13 What Can Nanotechnology Learn from Biotechnology?261
- Introduction261
- Scientific innovation263
- The process of innovation of new products in biotechnology265
- Processes of variable regulation of biotechnology266
- Furor over bovine growth hormone267
- The major actors268
- Recent developments272
- Conclusions: lessons identified273
- Endnotes274
- References274
- Internet references276
- Appendix I: A Primer on Genetic Engineering277
- Appendix II: Report from the Standards for Nanotechnology Workshop285
- Appendix III: List of Abbreviations321
- Appendix IV: Participants at First International IFAS Conference on Nanotechnology "What Can Nano Le323
- Appendix V: Participants in the "Standards for Nanotechnology" Workshop, 2006327
- Index330
- A330
- B330
- C331
- D332
- E332
- F333
- G333
- H333
- I334
- J334
- K334
- L334
- M334
- N335
- O336
- P336
- Q337
- R337
- S337
- T338
- U339
- V339
- W339
- Z339
- Series340
What Can Nanotechnology Learn From Biotechnology? presents diverse perspectives on biotechnology and nanotechnologies. Avoiding extreme perspectives, unwarranted hype and absolute rejection, this book explores the diverse territory of proponents and opponents of challenging but potentially risky technologies. Contributions from recognized experts in their fields represent the perspectives of a diverse range of stakeholders.
This book details the lessons to be learned from the controversy over genetically modified foods, and how those lessons can be applied to developing nanotechnologies, particularly agricultural and other food-related applications. Exploring the environmental, social and ethical impact of nanotechnology in addition to the technical and economical impacts, it an ideal reference for any scientist, engineer, research program administrator, resource allocator, and NGO advocate.
Key Features:
*Addresses the growing concern over the responsibility of science to the impacted population
*Uses real-world experience to outline practical approaches for emerging technologies
*Addresses the concerns of science as well as social science
This book details the lessons to be learned from the controversy over genetically modified foods, and how those lessons can be applied to developing nanotechnologies, particularly agricultural and other food-related applications. Exploring the environmental, social and ethical impact of nanotechnology in addition to the technical and economical impacts, it an ideal reference for any scientist, engineer, research program administrator, resource allocator, and NGO advocate.
Key Features:
*Addresses the growing concern over the responsibility of science to the impacted population
*Uses real-world experience to outline practical approaches for emerging technologies
*Addresses the concerns of science as well as social science