Wireless Communications Design Handbook: Interference into Circuits: Aspects of Noise, Interference, and Environmental Concerns
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Table of contents
- WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS DESIGN HANDBOOKiii
- Copyrightiv
- Contentsv
- Acknowledgmentsix
- Prefacexi
- Introductionxv
- Chapter 1 Noise Interactions in High-Speed Digital Circuits1
- 1.0 Introduction1
- 1.1 Microstrip Configuration3
- 1.2 Crosstalk in the Time Domain11
- 1.3 Power Distribution14
- 1.4 Decoupling Capacitance Effects17
- 1.5 Power Dissipation in TTL and CMOS Devices21
- 1.6 Thermal Control in Equipment and PCB Design22
- 1.7 Lossy Transmission Lines and Propagation Delays32
- 1.8 VLSI Failures and Electromigration35
- 1.9 Interference Concerns with Connectors40
- 1.10 Ground Loops and Radiated Interference43
- 1.11 Solving Interference Problems in Connectors47
- 1.12 The Issue of Vias50
- Chapter 2 Noise and Interference Issues in Analog Circuits52
- 2.0 Basic Noise Calculation in Op-Amps52
- 2.1 Op-Amp Fundamental Specifications55
- 2.2 Input Offset Voltage61
- 2.3 The Noise Gain of Op-Amps63
- 2.4 Slew Rate and Power Bandwidth of Op-Amps63
- 2.5 Gain Bandwidth Produced65
- 2.6 Internal Noise in Op-Amps65
- 2.7 Noise Issues in High-Speed ADC Applications69
- 2.8 Proper Power-Supply Decoupling72
- 2.9 Bypass Capacitors and Resonances76
- 2.10 Use of Two or More Bypass Capacitors81
- 2.11 Designing Power Bus Rails in Power/Ground Planes for Noise Control83
- 2.12 The Effect of Trace Resistance87
- 2.13 ASIC Signal Integrity Issues (Ground Bounce)94
- 2.14 Crosstalk through PC Card Pins98
- 2.15 Parasitic Extraction and Verification Tools for ASICs100
- Chapter 3 Noise Issues in High-Performance Mixed-Signal ICs and Other Communications Components103
- 3.1 Analog-to-Digital Converter Noise103
- 3.2 Driving Inputs in ADCs108
- 3.3 Filtering the Switching-Mode Power Supply117
- 3.4 Capacitor Choices for Noise Filtering118
- 3.5 The Use of Ferrite Cores in Switching-Mode Power Supplies124
- 3.6 Shielding Cables of Op-Amp Inputs to Avoid Interference Coupling131
- 3.7 RFI Rectification in Analog Circuits135
- 3.8 Op-Amps Driving Capacitive Loads140
- 3.9 Load Capacitance from Cabling143
- 3.10 Intermodulation Distortion145
- 3.11 Phase-Locked Loops148
- 3.12 Voltage-Controlled Oscillators151
- 3.13 VCO Phase Noise156
- 3.14 Phase Detectors159
- 3.15 Basic Topology of a Phase-Locked Loop160
- 3.16 Phase Noise in DC Amplifiers169
- 3.17 Phase Noise in High-Frequency Amplifiers169
- 3.18 Phase Noise in Phase Detectors169
- 3.19 Phase Noise in Digital Frequency Dividers170
- 3.20 Phase Noise in Frequency Multipliers170
- 3.21 Phase Noise in Oscillators170
- 3.22 Phase Noise in Reference Frequency Generators171
- 3.23 More about VCO Design and Noise171
- 3.24 Modeling RF Interference at the Transistor Level173
- 3.25 RFI Effects on Digital Integrated Circuits184
- 3.26 RFI Effects in Operational Amplifiers189
- 3.27 RFI-Induced Failures in Crystal Oscillators190
- Chapter 4 Computational Methods in the Analysis of Noise Interference194
- 4.1 General Introduction194
- 4.2 The Method of Moments in Computational Electromagnetics200
- 4.3 High-Frequency Methods in Computational Electromagnetics237
- 4.4 The Finite-Difference Time Domain in Computational Electromagnetics265
- 4.5 The Finite Element Method in Computational Electromagnetics279
- 4.6 The Transmission-Line Method in Computational Electromagnetics291
- 4.7 Computational Methods at Work: Getting Numbers from Your Models307
- Chapter 5 Antennas for Wireless Personal Communications354
- 5.1 Radiation from Current Sources354
- 5.2 Thin-Wire Antennas356
- 5.3 The Linear Dipole358
- 5.4 Simplest Current Distribution in Wire Dipoles360
- 5.5 Sinusoidal Current Distribution in Wire Dipoles361
- 5.6 The Generalized Thin-Wire Loop Antenna361
- 5.7 The Simplest Small Loop366
- 5.8 The Square Loop Antenna367
- 5.9 Microstrip Antennas369
- 5.10 Array Theory375
- 5.11 Planar Arrays380
- 5.12 Mutual Coupling among Array Elements381
- 5.13 Reflector Antennas383
- 5.14 Offset Parabolic Reflectors386
- 5.15 Helical Antennas390
- 5.16 Designing a Quadrifilar Helix Antenna396
- 5.17 Numerical Methods in Loop Antenna Design402
- 5.18 Using MOM for Designing Cylindrical Arrays for PCS407
- 5.19 Simulation of Portable UHF Antennas in the Presence of Dielectric Structures412
- 5.20 Other Wire-Type Antennas for Portable Communications416
- 5.21 Modeling a Monopole Mounted on a Moving Car416
- Index422
The need for controlling interference and limiting noise problems in wireless communications systems starts at the most fundamental levels of circuit design. When efficient approaches for noise control are implemented at the circuit level, it helps significantly to ensure the effective noise control for the overall system design.
This book is a practical reference for engineers who are particularly interested in practical case studies covering how to avoid undesired interference and noise problems in their designs. It covers a significant number of chapters dedicated to different aspects of digital, analog, and mixed mode analog/digital design which are directly affected by noise and interference issues. Each of the three Wireless Communications Design Handbook volumes addresses theory and immediate applications. The approach followed is strictly hardware-oriented. The material presented provides a good, practical, and theoretical background of noise sources and their analysis, as well as methodologies for minimizing interference problems in electronic design.
Key Features
* An applications-oriented reference for engineers, system designers, and practitioners
* Includes computational techniques for simulation
* Addresses the most common interference concerns in wireless communications circuit designs
* Presents a hardware-oriented approach for addressing analog, digital, and mixed-made interference concerns with a focus on design
* Addresses noise sources, interference models, and design solutions simultaneously
* Combines analytical and computer modeling for interference analysis
* Addresses interference concerns from the IC level to the subsystem level
This book is a practical reference for engineers who are particularly interested in practical case studies covering how to avoid undesired interference and noise problems in their designs. It covers a significant number of chapters dedicated to different aspects of digital, analog, and mixed mode analog/digital design which are directly affected by noise and interference issues. Each of the three Wireless Communications Design Handbook volumes addresses theory and immediate applications. The approach followed is strictly hardware-oriented. The material presented provides a good, practical, and theoretical background of noise sources and their analysis, as well as methodologies for minimizing interference problems in electronic design.
Key Features
* An applications-oriented reference for engineers, system designers, and practitioners
* Includes computational techniques for simulation
* Addresses the most common interference concerns in wireless communications circuit designs
* Presents a hardware-oriented approach for addressing analog, digital, and mixed-made interference concerns with a focus on design
* Addresses noise sources, interference models, and design solutions simultaneously
* Combines analytical and computer modeling for interference analysis
* Addresses interference concerns from the IC level to the subsystem level